Jackstone Calculi

Jack stone in the bladder: case report of a rare entity

BACKGROUND Jackstone is a bladder stone that has a similar appearance to toy jacks. However review of the English language medical literature revealed only a few previous reports of jackstone calculus. CASE PRESENTATION We report a case in which a large jackstone calculus was incidentally detected during the evaluation of 67 year old male presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms. X-Ray ki...

Action Calculi III : Higher-order Calculi

This paper extends an arbitrary action calculus [11] to higher order, in a way which parallels the extension of the -calculus [13] to higher order by Sangiorgi [18]. Action calculi are a subclass of action structures [10], which in turn are an enriched class of monoidal categories. Each action calculus AC(K) is distinguished by its set K of controls and their reaction rules. The notion of actio...

Pancreatic Calculi

Preputial Calculi

Urinary calculi.

IJANTITATIVE CHEMICAL ANALYSES of urinary calculi have been done in these laboratories for some twenty years. During this time almost two thousand stones have been examined. In the early days of this period, the only quantitative method available was that of a complete analysis of the inorganic ions and organic compounds present, which was quite difficult and tedious. After the development of t...